PTC电阻式车用油位传感器控制系统研究

为了提高油位传感器的精确性,避免传统传感器的不足,根据传统的电阻油位传感器提出了在结构上采用PTC探针式电阻来获取油位,实时检测探针两端电压来分析并获取油位,并采用PID控制对数据进行修正。提出了基于压差的合理性范围检测油位评估检测系统并运用Simulink搭建系统的模型,在评估油位时出现不合理错误会报告给DSM系统,并重新测量。用系统标定实验和系统测量实验来验证系统的准确性。系统在一定程度上提高了测量的准确性并能够有效避开温度等其他因素的影响,经实验证明在标定后的检测系统精确性较高,最大相对误差不超过2.90%。     

基于损耗模型的永磁同步电机高效控制参数敏感性分析

针对分析参数变化对电机损耗效率的影响建立了永磁同步电机(Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor)损耗模型,推导出电机损耗最小的最优定子电流。然后,分析铁损电阻、铜损电阻以及磁链变化对损耗精度的影响。结果表明,当铁损电阻变为原来的1.2倍时,总损耗效率增加1.0%;当铜损电阻变为原来1.5倍时,总损耗效率下降28%;当磁链变为原来的1.4倍时,总损耗效率下降1.4%。通过电机损耗的参数敏感性分析,为基于模型的电机高效率控制提供了重要参考。     

不结球白菜维生素C和可溶性糖含量的遗传分析

采用主基因—多基因混合遗传模型分析方法,对不结球白菜乌塌菜×矮脚黄、雪克青×矮脚黄两个组合的维生素Ｃ、可溶性糖含量进行单世代和联合世代遗传分析。结果表明,两组合中维生素Ｃ含量遗传符合一个主基因和多基因的混合遗传模型,主基因遗传率为５２６８％～７４１２％。可溶性糖在雪克青×矮脚黄组合中也符合主基因—多基因遗传模型,主基因遗传率为８９７３％～８９７９％。维生素Ｃ和可溶性糖主基因效应均以加性效应为主,在乌塌菜×矮脚黄组合中,两性状主基因有较明显的负向显性效应,在雪克青×矮脚黄组合中,显性效应不明显。育种实践中应注重对主基因加性效应的利用。     

Soil saturation effects on forest dynamics: scaling across a southern boreal/northern hardwood landscape

Patch modeling can be used to scale-up processes to portray landscape-level dynamics. Via direct extrapolation, a heterogeneous landscape is divided into its constituent patches; dynamics are simulated on each representative patch and are weighted and aggregated to formulate the higher level response. Further extrapolation may be attained by coarsening the resolution of or lumping environmental data (e.g., climatic, edaphic, hydrologic, topographic) used to delimit a patch.Forest patterns at the southern boreal/northern hardwood transition zone are often defined by soil heterogeneity, determined primarily by the extent and duration of soil saturation. To determine how landscape-level dynamics predicted from direct extrapolation compare when coarsening soil parameters, we simulated forest dynamics for soil series representing a range of drainage classes from east- central Maine. Responses were aggregated according to the distribution of soil associations comprising a 600 ha area based on local- (1:12,000), county- (1:120,000) and state- (1:250,000) scale soil maps. At the patch level, simulated aboveground biomass accumulated more slowly in poorer draining soils. Different soil series yielded different communities comprised of species with various tolerances for soil saturation. When aggregated, removal of waterlogging caused a 20–60% increase in biomass accumulation during the first 50 years of simulation. However, this early successional increase and the maximum level of biomass accumulation over a 200 year period varied by as much as 40% depending on the geospatial data. This marked discrepancy suggests caution when extrapolating with forest patch models by coarsening parameters and demonstrates how rules used to rescale environmental data need to be evaluated for consistency.     

Model uncertainty in the ecosystem approach to fisheries

Fisheries scientists habitually consider uncertainty in parameter values, but often neglect uncertainty about model structure, an issue of increasing importance as ecosystem models are devised to support the move to an ecosystem approach to fisheries (EAF). This paper sets out pragmatic approaches with which to account for uncertainties in model structure and we review current ways of dealing with this issue in fisheries and other disciplines. All involve considering a set of alternative models representing different structural assumptions, but differ in how those models are used. The models can be asked to identify bounds on possible outcomes, find management actions that will perform adequately irrespective of the true model, find management actions that best achieve one or more objectives given weights assigned to each model, or formalize hypotheses for evaluation through experimentation. Data availability is likely to limit the use of approaches that involve weighting alternative models in an ecosystem setting, and the cost of experimentation is likely to limit its use. Practical implementation of an EAF should therefore be based on management approaches that acknowledge the uncertainty inherent in model predictions and are robust to it. Model results must be presented in ways that represent the risks and trade‐offs associated with alternative actions and the degree of uncertainty in predictions. This presentation should not disguise the fact that, in many cases, estimates of model uncertainty may be based on subjective criteria. The problem of model uncertainty is far from unique to fisheries, and a dialogue among fisheries modellers and modellers from other scientific communities will therefore be helpful.     

Temperature-dependent stock-recruitment model for walleye pollock (Theragra chalcogramma) around northern Japan

Changes in fish year‐class strength have been attributed to year‐to‐year variability in environmental conditions and spawning stock biomass (SSB). In particular, sea temperature has been shown to be linked to fish recruitment. In the present study, I examined the relationship between sea surface temperature (SST), SSB and recruitment for two stocks of walleye pollock (Theragra chalcogramma) around northern Japan [Japanese Pacific stock (JPS) and northern Japan Sea stock (JSS)] using a temperature‐dependent stock‐recruitment model (TDSRM). The recruitment fluctuation of JPS was successfully reproduced by the TDSRM with February and April SSTs, and February SST was a better environmental predictor than April SST. In addition, the JPS recruitment was positively related to February SST and negatively to April SST. The JSS recruitment modeled by the TDSRM incorporating February SST was also consistent with the observation, whereas the relationship between recruitment and February SST was negative, that is the opposite trend to JPS. These findings suggest that SST in February is important as a predictor of recruitment for both stocks, and that higher and lower SSTs in February act favorably on the recruitment of JPS and JSS respectively. Furthermore, Ricker‐type TDSRM was not selected for either of the stocks, suggesting that the strong density‐dependent effect as in the Ricker model does not exist for JPS and JSS. I formulate hypotheses to explain the links between SST and recruitment, and note that these relationships should be considered in any future attempts to understand the recruitment dynamics of JPS and JSS.     

全子叶生物活性豆腐凝胶特性的研究

通过因子筛选实验,确定了接种量、微生物转谷氨酰胺酶(MTG)用量和水豆比是影响全子叶生物活性豆腐凝胶特性的关键因子。在此基础上,采用响应曲面法(Response SurfaceMethodology,RSM)分别建立了豆腐硬度和持水率的二次多项数学模型,验证了模型的有效性并探讨了上述3个因子的交互作用。从产品成本和凝胶特性综合考虑,选择出最佳配比,即乳酸菌接种量为105cfu/mL,MTG用量为347 U/L,水豆比为8.5,其硬度和持水率实测值分别为44.8g和89.2%,可生产出富含乳酸菌和几乎全部大豆营养的健康豆腐。     

基于水量平衡原理的畦灌水流推进简化解析模型研究

畦灌水流推进过程计算模型对确定灌水技术要素、田间平均入渗率和糙率有十分重要的作用。该文依据水量平衡模型,分析畦灌下渗水形状系数、地表储水形状系数的变化规律,结果表明下渗水形状系数受地表水推进过程中的推进距离和时间的幂指数影响很小,可用一个稳定值代替,由此建立了基于水量平衡原理的畦灌水流推进简化解析模型。结合已有文献资料和田间试验对模型进行检验,表明该模型具有计算求解方便、精度较高的优点,可用于畦灌合理灌水技术指标的确定。     

细河污染物在地下水中运移规律的模拟研究

为了研究河水中污染物在地下水中运移规律,分析了细河污染对地下水的影响,根据细河水文地质条件建立了污染物在地下水中运移的2区动力学模型,对河水中氨氮、总硬度等组分在地下水中的运移规律进行了模拟研究。结果表明,随运移距离的增加,污染物浓度逐渐降低;地下含水层对河流中部分污染物具有较强的去除能力,如对氨氮、耗氧量的去除率可达98%以上;水分蒸发对部分污染物具有浓缩作用,地下水中总硬度等组分浓度逐渐升高,并高于污染源浓度。     

农村小额信贷的国际考察与借鉴

该文介绍了国际农村小额信贷的多种模式及成功经验;分析了我国现行小额信贷的现状,探讨了如何因地制宜,通过制度供给的方式,推进我国小额信贷发展的建议。